Your Guide to Roofing Material Options: Pros, Cons, and Costs

Choosing the right roofing material for your home is one of the most important decisions you’ll make as a homeowner. The roof is important for protecting your home from the elements, so you’ll want to select durable materials that can stand up to rain, snow, UV rays, and temperature fluctuations. At the same time, you’ll want to balance factors like upfront costs, longevity, maintenance requirements, and aesthetics to find the best option for your home and budget.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the most popular roofing materials on the market today. We’ll go over the pros and cons of each type, typical costs, and other considerations to help you make the best decision for your roof replacement or new construction project. With the right information in hand, you can invest in roofing that combines performance, beauty, and value.

Asphalt Shingles

Asphalt shingles, also known as composite shingles, are the most common roofing material for residential homes in the United States. Made from a fiberglass mat, asphalt, and mineral granules, asphalt shingles are an affordable, versatile, and durable option suitable for many homes.

Pros

• Affordable: Asphalt shingles are typically the most economical roofing material. They cost $1.50 to $5.50 per square foot installed.
• Easy installation: Asphalt shingles are simple to install, which keeps labor costs low. Roofers can quickly cover large surface areas.
• Wide variety: Asphalt shingles come in a huge range of colors and styles, from basic three-tab shingles to luxury laminated shingles that mimic slate or wood shake. This makes it easy to coordinate with your home’s style.
• Long lifespan: With proper installation and maintenance, asphalt shingles can last 20-30 years, or even longer for high-quality laminated options.

Cons

• Potential damage: Hail, falling branches, and foot traffic can more easily damage asphalt shingles compared to other roofing materials.
• Shorter guarantee: Asphalt shingle warranties max out at around 50 years for the highest-tier options, while other roofing materials offer lifetime guarantees.
• Reduced curb appeal: For resale value and aesthetic purposes, some homeowners see asphalt shingles as less desirable than tile, metal, or slate.

Cost

Asphalt shingles range from economy 3-tabs at $1.50 per square foot installed up to high-end laminated options at $5.50 per square foot installed. The total cost for an asphalt shingle roof will depend on several factors:

• Roof size: Larger roofs will incur higher total costs but may benefit from economics of scale on a cost-per-square-foot basis.
• Shingle type: Basic 3-tab shingles start at $1.50 per square foot, while premium laminated shingles run $2.50 to $5.50 per square foot. Unique colors and styles add cost.
• Roof slope/pitch: Steeper roofs often cost more to install safely. Added components like ridge vents also increase cost.
• Accessibility: Multi-story homes or roofs with limited access can drive up the installation price.
• Location: Labor and material costs vary by region, with coastal areas typically higher.
• Additional repairs: Any repairs needed to the roof decking or other structures will add expenses beyond the shingle installation itself.

Overall, most homeowners spend $5,000 to $15,000 on a complete asphalt shingle roof installation. Get multiple quotes before choosing a roofer to ensure you receive competitive pricing.

Metal Roofing

Metal roofs provide homeowners with exceptional durability and distinct architectural style. While metal roofs come at a premium cost, they can significantly enhance the resale value and curb appeal of your home. They also provide energy efficiency benefits and fire resistance.

Pros

• Long lifespan: Metal roofs can last 50 years or longer with minimal loss of performance over time. This makes them a smart investment in the long run.
• Fire resistance: Metal roofing is non-combustible and fire-resistant, which can lower home insurance premiums.
• Hail/impact resistance: Metal stands up incredibly well to hail, falling branches, and other impacts compared to other roofing materials.
• Energy efficiency: Reflective metal roofs can reduce cooling costs by up to 25% by deflecting solar radiation.
• Aesthetic appeal: Metal is available in colors and styles that can mimic shake, slate, shingle, or clay tile while providing a clean, architectural look.

Cons

• Higher upfront cost: The installed cost of metal roofing ranges from $7.00 to $9.00 per square foot, making it one of the most expensive roofing options. Total costs often range from $21,000 to $50,000.
• Noise: Rain, hail, and other precipitation can make more noise falling on a metal roof compared to other materials. Proper installation can help reduce noise.
• Precise installation: Achieving the full value and lifespan of a metal roof requires hiring an experienced metal roofing contractor. Mistakes during installation can lead to leaks or other issues.

Cost

On average, you can expect to pay $7.00 to $9.00 per square foot for metal roofing materials. These costs can range higher for premium or specially treated metals. Copper and zinc cost $10 to $25 per square foot.

When combined with labor, you should budget $21,000 to $50,000 for a complete residential metal roof installation. Exact costs vary based on:

• Roof size and pitch
• Metal type and gauge
• Accessibility
• Roof style and color
• Location
• Structural considerations
• Special installation requirements

Higher roof pitches, taller peaks, and multi-story homes cost more. Unique architectural designs and premium metals can raise costs as well.

Tile Roofing

If you want to make a style statement with your roof, tile is an exceptional (and eye-catching) choice. Tile roofs are known for their Mediterranean-style beauty and unmatched durability. Modern manufacturing techniques provide homeowners with a wide array of affordable tile options.

Pros

• Superb longevity: Properly installed tile roofs can last over 100 years. The materials are naturally fire and pest resistant.
• Aesthetic appeal: Tile comes in colors and profiles that add Mediterranean, Spanish, or Italian flair. The look instantly increases home value and curb appeal.
• Low maintenance: Minimal maintenance is needed beyond occasional tile replacement, roof inspections, and clearing debris.
• Energy efficiency: Tile reflects solar heat gain, keeping attics cooler and reducing air conditioning costs.
• Noise reduction: Tile helps absorb sound rather than amplify it during rainstorms.

Cons

• Weight: Heavy tile roofs require a strong structural foundation. Some homes need roof deck reinforcement to support the weight.
• Specialized labor: Tile roofing contractors charge premium rates and may be sparse in some regions.
• Brittle: While durable, individual tiles can crack if impacted by falling branches or other objects. Damaged tiles must be replaced.
• Expense: Materials, specialized labor, and added structural support make tile one of the most expensive roofing options.

Cost

As a premium roofing material, tile roofing costs $7.50 to $50.00 per square foot installed, including labor and materials. Total tile roof costs often fall between $28,000 and $100,000, depending on the factors below:

• Roof size and pitch: Larger and steeper roofs require more materials, time, and structural support.
• Tile type: Options like concrete, clay, or slate have different price points. Unique profiles and colors add cost.
• Roof style: Intricate roof structures require more customized fabrication and installation.
• Structural enhancements: Some homes need reinforcement to support tile weight.
• Accessibility: Multi-story homes can drive up installation costs. Scaffolding may be required.
• Location: Labor rates fluctuate by region. Coastal areas are typically more expensive.
• Specialty contractors: Tile professionals command premium prices for expert installation.

Solar Tiles

For the ultimate in eco-friendly and energy-efficient roofing, solar tiles allow homeowners to produce their own on-site power while protecting their home. Integrated directly into your roofing system, solar tiles are a sleek and effective form of solar panel installation.

Pros

• Energy production: Solar tiles generate clean electricity from sunlight to power your home and reduce electric bills. Excess energy can be sold back to the grid.
• Seamless installation: Solar tiles integrate directly into your shingle or tile roof for a cohesive system
• Aesthetic appeal: Solar tiles come in colors and tiles that blend beautifully into your existing roof instead of looking tacked on.
• Durability: Solar tiles are tested to withstand extreme weather conditions including hail, high winds, and storms.
• Tax credits and incentives: Homeowners can take advantage of federal and local tax credits, rebates, and incentives to offset the costs of installing solar tiles.

Cons

• Higher upfront costs: Even with incentives, solar tiles cost more than traditional roofing materials, with total installation costs in the $15,000 to $35,000 range.
• Complex installation: Solar tiles require specialized expertise for proper installation and integration with electrical systems.
• Limited manufacturers: While growing, there are fewer active manufacturers of solar tiles compared to traditional roofing products.
• Evolving technology: Solar tile efficiency and longevity continues to improve. Current technology will likely be outdated in 10-15 years.

Cost

On average, homeowners pay $15,000 to $35,000 for the purchase and professional installation of solar tile roofing. The exact cost depends on these factors:

• Roof size and solar energy needs
• Type of solar tile product
• Structural considerations
• Electrical integration needs
• Roof orientation and sun exposure
• Applicable tax credits and incentives
• Location and labor costs

Ongoing maintenance costs are also required for solar tiles, including inverter replacement every 10-15 years. Overall, solar tiles provide the benefits of energy production despite their higher upfront price.

EPDM Roofing

For flat or low-slope roofing on commercial buildings and residential homes, EPDM roofing is a top choice for durability and affordability. EPDM, which stands for ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, is a synthetic rubber membrane commonly installed on roofs with a slope of 3:12 or less.

Pros

• Seamless waterproofing: EPDM can be installed as one continuous membrane for superior leak protection. Seams are relatively uncommon.
• UV/weather resistance: EPDM holds up exceptionally well to sun, rain, snow, and temperature extremes with proper installation.
• Longevity: An EPDM roof can last over 30 years with minimal maintenance required. Chlorine exposure is one caveat.
• Ease of repair: Patching small sections of EPDM membrane is simple compared to replacing entire shingled or tiled sections.
• Affordability: EPDM rubber is an inexpensive roofing membrane compared to other commercial roofing options.

Cons

• Limited colors/styles: EPDM is only available in black along with limited white or gray shades. Color options are far fewer than shingle or metal roofs allow.
• Professional installation: Getting a perfect, weather-tight seal with the EPDM membrane requires an expert contractor. DIY is not advised.
• Ponding water risks: Standing water on EPDM can lead to algae growth, water absorption, and eventual failure. Proper roof slope and drainage are critical.
• Chlorine degradation: The rubber in EPDM roofing can become brittle and crack prematurely when exposed to chlorine compounds from HVAC systems or cleaners.

Cost

For both materials and professional installation, an EPDM roof typically costs $1.50 to $5.50 per square foot. Total costs for EPDM roofing include:

• Low-slope application: EPDM is ideal for low-slope roofs, but steeper surfaces increase material requirements and costs.
• Insulation: Adding below-membrane insulation improves energy efficiency but also adds expense.
• Accessibility: On tall multi-story buildings, equipment like scissor lifts will be required for access.
• Roof size: Larger EPDM roofing projects achieve better economies of scale.
• Membrane thickness: Thicker, 45-60 mil membranes last longer but have a higher upfront cost.
• Level of difficulty: Highly complex roofs with numerous penetrations will require more labor and materials.
• Location: Labor and material costs are impacted by your region’s prevailing construction costs.

TPO Roofing

TPO (thermoplastic polyolefin) is a popular sustainable single-ply roofing material often used on flat commercial buildings. With a reflective white surface and heat-welded seams, TPO provides exceptional leak protection and energy efficiency.

Pros

• Reflectivity: White TPO membranes reflect sunlight instead of absorbing heat, reducing cooling costs.
• Durability: Flexible TPO withstands expansion, contraction, impacts, and UV exposure for decades.
• Seam strength: TPO sheets are fused together with heat for reliable waterproof seams. Minimal leak risks.
• Sustainability: TPO contains recycled content. Membranes are recyclable at end of life.
• Lightweight: At under 1 pound per square foot, TPO adds little load stress compared to heavier roofing materials.

Cons

• Limited aesthetics: TPO only comes in white, gray, or black. Color and texture options are minimal compared to shingles or metal.
• Professional installation required: Properly fusing TPO membrane seams requires specialized equipment and training.
• Not for steep slopes: TPO should only be installed on flat or low-slope roofs with proper drainage.
• Durability varies: Thicker 60+ mil TPO lasts longer than thinner versions. Look for 20+ year warranties.
• Difficult repairs: Patching small sections of TPO membrane requires hot-air welding expertise.

Cost

On average, TPO roofing costs $1.50 to $5.50 per square foot installed. Total costs vary based on:

• Roof size: Prices per square foot decrease for larger TPO roofing projects.
• Membrane thickness: Thicker 60+ mil membranes provide the greatest long-term durability and value.
• Accessibility: Multi-story buildings require roof access equipment like cranes or scissor lifts.
• Insulation needs: Adding below-membrane insulation increases costs but provides energy savings.
• Level of difficulty: Highly complex roofs raise installation costs.
• Warranties: Longer 20+ year warranties ensure greater TPO membrane quality.
• Location: Prevailing labor and material costs in different regions impact overall pricing.

PVC Roofing

PVC (polyvinyl chloride) roofing membrane provides exceptional durability and weather resistance for flat commercial roofs. Seam-welded into a single sheet, flexible PVC waterproofs roofs for decades at a competitive price point.

Pros

• Extreme weather resistance: PVC withstands sun, rain, hail, wind uplift, and temperature swings with proper installation.
• Long lifespan: Properly maintained PVC roofs can last 30+ years. White membranes offer cooling benefits.
• Lightweight: At under 1 pound per square foot, PVC avoids over-stressing roof structures.
• Flexibility: PVC remains flexible in cold weather instead of becoming rigid and brittle.
• Fire resistance: PVC is highly fire resistant and achieves Class A fire ratings.

Cons

• Professional installation required: Proper PVC welding equipment and training is needed to fuse sheets and avoid leaks.
• Limited aesthetics: PVC membranes only come in white, gray, and tan colors. Texture options are also minimal.
• Prone to algae: Periodic cleaning is required to prevent algae growth on white PVC roofs in warm, humid climates.
• Not for steep slopes: PVC should only be installed on flat or low-slope roof structures with good drainage.

Cost

PVC roofing costs $1.50 to $5.50 per square foot installed. Total costs vary based on factors like:

• Roof size and slope: Larger and flatter roofs require more PVC membrane.
• System enhancements: Insulation, drainage layers, etc add expense but improve performance.
• Accessibility: Multi-story buildings require roof access equipment.
• Roof complexity: Highly complex roofs demand more materials and installation time.
• Thickness: Thicker 60+ mil PVC lasts longer but has a higher upfront cost.
• Location: Regional labor rates and material availability impact pricing.
• Warranties: Longer 20+ year warranties provide greater investment protection.

Built-Up Roofing

Built-up roofs (or BUR) involve multiple layers of bitumen and ply sheets to waterproof flat commercial roofs and provide longevity. These “inverted roof” systems have been used since the late 1800s.

Pros

• Proven technology: BUR systems have over a century of proven performance across millions of square feet of roofing.
• Layers of redundancy: Multiple bitumen and reinforcement layers provide backup waterproofing if

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• Customizable: BUR systems can be customized by adding layers, insulation, or protective surfacing based on climate and performance requirements.
• Repairable: Localized damage or deterioration can be repaired by adding layers of bitumen and ply sheets. Total replacement is rarely needed.
• Fire resistance: BUR systems are inherently fire resistant given their mineral composition. They achieve Class A fire ratings.

Cons

• Labor-intensive: Installing multiple hot bitumen coats and ply layers makes BUR systems labor-intensive and costly.
• Prone to blistering: Trapped moisture can cause ply delamination and roof blisters that require patching. Proper ventilation minimizes this.
• Shorter lifespans: Without reflective surfacing, BUR systems typically last 15-30 years compared to newer membranes lasting 30+ years.
• Odor/fumes: Hot asphalt odors and fumes require proper ventilation during installation for worker safety.

Cost

The average cost of a built-up roof ranges from $3.50 to $7.50 per square foot installed. Total costs depend on:

• Roof size: Larger BUR roofs achieve better economy from scale.
• Accessibility: Multi-story buildings require cranes, lifts, and added labor costs for roof access.
• Insulation: Adding below-membrane insulation improves energy efficiency at higher initial cost.
• Roof complexity: Intricate roofs with equipment, skylights, etc. demand more materials and work.
• Climate: Reflective surfacing combats sun in hot climates but adds expense.
• Labor rates: Prevailing wages for roofing crews vary across different regions.
• Warranties: Longer 20+ year contractor warranties provide greater investment protection.

In summary, built-up roofing represents one of the most proven and robust commercial roofing systems, often specified for critical facilities. Their redundancy provides exceptional weather protection when properly installed.

Key Considerations When Choosing a Roof

With this overview of the most common roofing materials on the market, you can weigh the pros, cons, costs, and benefits of each type. Keep the following tips in mind as you evaluate options and receive bids:

• Consider both upfront cost and long-term lifespan when calculating the overall return on investment. Cheaper options aren’t always worse, and premium materials aren’t always better. Focus on overall value.
• Make sure the material suits your home’s architectural style, climate conditions, and roof slope/structure. A mismatch can undermine performance.
• Work with an experienced local roofing contractor who properly handles installs, flashings, penetrations, and other details that impact lifespan.
• Compare warranties carefully to determine periods of coverage and service responsiveness. Longer warranties often equate to greater confidence in roof quality.
• Check that the roofing company and installers are properly licensed, bonded, and insured. This protects you in the event of property damage or a liability claim during your project.
• For complex commercial roofs, have an engineer or architect help you fully specify requirements and select optimal materials for performance.

No roof will last forever, but choosing quality materials and skilled installers goes a long way. Taking the time to research and compare your options results in maximum returns from your roof investment. If problems do occur, reach out to your roofer promptly to uphold warranty coverage. With periodic maintenance and by addressing issues early, your new roof will reliably protect your property for decades.